We checked out of our apartment in Viennaat 8:30 A.M. and took the taxi
back to our favorite train station. The train left at 10:15 for Salzburg.
There weren’t many people in our car.
It was a fast train, traveling sometime at 135 mph.
(On map Vienna F , Salzburg
G) We arrived in Salzburg at 1:00 P.M., found a Burger King in
the train station. In all the cities we have found many, many McDonald’s
and Burger Kings. They are all large and well decorated. McDonalds
always has a special section called McCafe, and they sell delicious looking
pastries and gourmet coffee.
We
took a taxi to our hotel – the Sacher Hotel. It is a luxury hotel right on the
river looking towards the old town. Our room is nice size but a come
down over the amount of space that we had in our apartments which were all a lot
less expensive.We could have put
five of these rooms in our apartment in the Prague Palace.
We
walked across the bridge to the old town and visited three old churches.
The history of this church dates
back to the early 12th century.The
pillage of 1167 made a new building necessary at the beginning of the 13th
century. The nave still exists today and is much different from the Baroque
chancel area. In the
first quarter of the 15th century, work on the new Baroque hallchancel was begun under the direction of Hans von Burghausen, the most important
building master of the Bavarian Late Gothic architecture.
The west façade was very plan, and
because of the narrowness of the street, it was impossible to get a full photo.Upon entering the nave, which is the original part, it appears dark and
narrow.At the end one can see the
brightness of the chancel area, called the hall chancel, which is very Baroque.
Surrounding the main altar is an ambulatory which contain a number of
small Baroque chapels.The carved
main altar which dates to 1498 contains a statue of the Madonna.Most impressive is the ceiling with many complex vaults support by narrow
columns.It was a most impressive
church.On one of the pillars there
were remains of the original paintings which were typical of early church
columns.
Next we walked into a large
courtyard with the Abbey Church of St. Peter at the far side.The founding of the monastery and the erection of a church to St. Peter
is due to St. Rupert who came to Salzburg in 696 (more about St. Rupert in my
comments about the cathedral – the next church we visited).After the fire in the city in 1127, Abbot Balderich commissioned the
rebuilding of the Romanesque church(1130-1143)
as a three-aisled, flat roofed basilica which still defines the architecture of
the church today.The church
was vaulted and domed between 1753 and 1785.Later it was redesigned in the Baroque style.
The entrance to the church is
through the tower with its onion dome.Each
side of the entrance is flanked by a chapel.Upon entering the nave, we saw a highly decorated Baroque/Rococo style.The side aisle on the south side has been extended by a series of Baroque
chapels.The walls and vault are
stucco from the late rococo period.Along
the side there are 16 marble altars with paintings of a style reminiscent of
Rembrandt.The high altar, designed
by Lorenz Hormbler, was erected in 1777.The
painting over the altar shows “The intercession of St. Peter, Paul, and
Benedict before the Mother God.”
The city of Salzburg was founded
only a few decades after the birth of Christ, and Christianity established
itself in Salzburg at an early stage.In
693 the Agilolfingian Duke Theodo sent Bishop Hrodbertus (Rupert) of Worms to
reform Bavarian Christianity. Rupert returned to Worms in 714.In 739 the bishopric of Salzburg was established by St. Boniface.The Irish monk and scholar “Fergil” (Vergilius), who was abbot of St.
Peter’s monastery and also a bishop, was put in charge of the diocese.It was Virgil who was responsible for the building of the first
cathedral.It was one of the largest
cathedrals in the Franconian Empire in the 8th century.
It was through the efforts of St.
Virgil that the bones of St. Rupert were moved to the new cathedral when it was
consecrated in 774.Over the
centuries this building was often restored, rebuilt and extended following
several fires and the pillaging of 1167.In 1181 Archbishop Konrad III began a Late Romanesque rebuilding with a
five-aisled basilica of massive dimensions.Following the fire of 1598 and the collapse of the vaults, the cathedral
was completely demolished. The Archbishop commissioned a student of Palladio to
design a completely new building, but this did not transpire for several more
years. In 1614 the foundation of the new cathedral was laid and the not-finished
cathedral was dedicated in 1628 to Sts Rupert and Virgil. Then
in 1944 the cathedral suffered severe damage, including the collapse of the
dome,during World War II.It was restored again in 1959.
The three story façade is flanked
by twin towers extending to another story. The body of the church is made from a
dark grey conglomerate with bright Utersberg marble used for the ornamentations
and the façade .The three high
round arches at the entrance are flanked by statues of Sts Rupert, Virgil, Peter
and Paul.
The interior is a wide,
barrel-vaulted hall with five bays.There
are four side chapels.It was very
light due to the clear windows and a massive dome.On the high altar is a painting of the Resurrection by Mascagni.The top section of the altar is flanked by St. Rupert with a salt cellar
and St. Virgil with a model of the cathedral.Maybe St. Virgil was one of first cathedral modeler using stone instead
of paper!
On each of the four dome pillars
hangs a small organ.In fact the
cathedral has six organs.A wonderful baptismal font is located in the first chapel on the left (north
side).Four lions of almost pure
copper,made in the 12th century, support the font. It reminded us
of the lions support the fountain in the Alhambra in Spain.The pewter basin dates from 1321.The
chapel has a beautiful ceiling.
My
wife’s knee was hurting (she had knee surgery the previous year), so we came
back to the hotel and had drinks at the very attractive hotel bar. Drinks always
help with knee pain! Then we went back out for our dinner to what had
been part of St. Peter’s monastery, a restaurant called Stifitskeler St.
Peter. It is supposed to be the oldest restaurant in Austria dating back
to 803. We ordered Tafelspitz which is beef that has been boiled all day.
We order it for 2. It comes in a metal pot with a lot of broth.
There is a separate bowl of fried potatoes and a bowl of creamed spinach.
It was delicious. We finished with a sinful looking cake with apricots.
The
weather is still cold, but it didn’t rain today. They said that the
surrounding mountains got 10 inches of snow yesterday. Tomorrow is
supposed to be sunny and in the 70’s. My red sweater sure felt
good under my jacket today.
tury. The
pillage of 1167 made a new building necessary at the beginning of the 13th
century. The nave still exists today and is much different from the Baroque
chancel area. In the
first quarter of the 15th century, work on the new Baroque hall
chancel was begun under the direction of Hans von Burghausen, the most important
building master of the Bavarian Late Gothic architecture.
e main altar is an ambulatory which contain a number of
small Baroque chapels. The carved
main altar which dates to 1498 contains a statue of the Madonna.
Most impressive is the ceiling with many complex vaults support by narrow
columns. It was a most impressive
church. On one of the pillars there
were remains of the original paintings which were typical of early church
columns.
nd the collapse of the vaults, the cathedral
was completely demolished. The Archbishop commissioned a student of Palladio to
design a completely new building, but this did not transpire for several more
years. In 1614 the foundation of the n
ew cathedral was laid and the not-finished
cathedral was dedicated in 1628 to Sts Rupert and Virgil. Then
in 1944 the cathedral suffered severe damage, including the collapse of the
dome, during World War II.
It was restored again in 1959.
rful baptismal font is located in the first chapel on the left (north
side). Four lions of almost pure
copper,made in the 12th century, support the font. It reminded us
of the lions support the fountain in the Alhambra in Spain.
The pewter basin dates from 1321. The
chapel has a beautiful ceiling. 